Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Land Use/Cover Change and Its Effect on Land Surface Temperature in Lahaul and Spiti, India

Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes have a significant impact on Surface Temperature (LST). The LST is an important parameter in various environmental and climatological studies, as it plays crucial role understanding the Earth’s surface–atmosphere interactions. LULC can modify surface energy balance alter radiation budget, leading to LST. Urbanization, deforestation, agricultural land use are some of primary drivers change that Deforestation result reduction evapotranspiration, increase main objective study analyze spatio-temporal its effect (LST), well establish correlation with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Normalize Snow (NDSI). Understanding essential for developing effective policies mitigate adverse effects environment human health.